- Provide high resolution regional climate data
- Spatial and temporal downscaling
- Bias adjustment of climate data
- Weather generator
- Uncertainty Analysis
## Provide high resolution regional climate data
### Regional climate data - Europe
- Europe wide gridded and station observations
- CORDEX-EUR11 ensemble of regional climate projections for Europe
- Horizontal resolution: ~12.5km
- Temporal resolution: daily (gridded observations, projections) to 1 hour (station observations, projections)
- Time frame: 1971-2100
- Variables: precipitation, temperature, sea level pressure, global radiation and wind speed
Precipitation RCP85 (2070-2099 vs. 1971-2000, JJA)
CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17 v1 CCCma-CanESM2 r1i1p1
CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17 v1 CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 r1i1p1
CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17 v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r12i1p1
CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17 v1 MIROC-MIROC5 r1i1p1
CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17 v1 MOHC-HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1
CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17 v1 MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR r1i1p1
DMI-HIRHAM5 v1 CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 r1i1p1
DMI-HIRHAM5 v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r12i1p1
DMI-HIRHAM5 v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r1i1p1
DMI-HIRHAM5 v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r3i1p1
DMI-HIRHAM5 v1 MOHC-HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1
DMI-HIRHAM5 v2 CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 r1i1p1
DMI-HIRHAM5 v2 NCC-NorESM1-M r1i1p1
GERICS-REMO2015 v1 CCCma-CanESM2 r1i1p1
GERICS-REMO2015 v1 CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 r1i1p1
GERICS-REMO2015 v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r12i1p1
GERICS-REMO2015 v1 MIROC-MIROC5 r1i1p1
GERICS-REMO2015 v1 MOHC-HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1
GERICS-REMO2015 v1 NCC-NorESM1-M r1i1p1
IPSL-INERIS-WRF331F v1 IPSL-IPSL-CM5A-MR r1i1p1
KNMI-RACMO22E v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r12i1p1
KNMI-RACMO22E v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r1i1p1
KNMI-RACMO22E v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r3i1p1
KNMI-RACMO22E v2 CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 r1i1p1
KNMI-RACMO22E v2 MOHC-HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1
MPI-CSC-REMO2009 v1 MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR r1i1p1
MPI-CSC-REMO2009 v1 MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR r2i1p1
SMHI-RCA4 v1a MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR r1i1p1
SMHI-RCA4 v1 CNRM-CERFACS-CNRM-CM5 r1i1p1
SMHI-RCA4 v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r12i1p1
SMHI-RCA4 v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r3i1p1
SMHI-RCA4 v1 IPSL-IPSL-CM5A-MR r1i1p1
SMHI-RCA4 v1 MOHC-HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1
SMHI-RCA4 v1 NCC-NorESM1-M r1i1p1
UHOH-WRF361H v1 ICHEC-EC-EARTH r1i1p1
UHOH-WRF361H v1 MOHC-HadGEM2-ES r1i1p1
UHOH-WRF361H v1 MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR r1i1p1
# Spatial and temporal downscaling
- **Coarse spatial resolution of climate data**
**global: 100 to 250km**
**regional: 10 to 50km**
- **Coarse temporal resolution**
**global: 3hr to 1d**
**regional: 1hr to 1d**
#### Dynamical regional downscaling
- Physically consistent simulation of 3D atmosphere
- PIK capability:
Horizontal resolution: $\\approx$5km
Temporal resolution: $\approx$ 10min values
- Computational demanding
$o($1d$)$ to simulate 1 year
COSMO CLM model
ICON-CLM model
### Statistical regional downscaling
- Statistically consistent simulation of 2D atmospheric fields
- Spatial and temporal resolution depend on available observations
- various Methods available
### Temporal downscaling
- Dynamical downscaling using RCMs
- Statistical downscaling using ML
# Bias Adjustment of climate data
## Example of Model Bias
JJA Temperatures, Bangladesh
# Weather Generator
Temporal consistency
Spatial correlation
Variable dependency
- Generates 'statistical' consistent evolution of weather paterns
- Use cases:
1. Empirical statistical downscaling
2. Parametric Bootstrapping
### Parametric Bootstrapping
- Artificially increase sample size based on statistical relationship in data
- Typically:
50 years → 1000 years
- Robust estimate and extrapolation of rare events
# Uncertainty Analysis
#### Temperature rcp85
##### Domain: Alps
2070-2099 vs. 1971-2000
CORDEX-EUR11 projection
#### Generalized extreme value distribution
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Annual maximum precipitation
2071-2100 vs. 1981-2010
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