- file and start 4cwin.exe in a directory, that has the subfolders input and output
- file *.sim acts as model-control in which the used data and the control-flags are saved
- description of the soil profile: *.sop
- nitrogen availability: *.red
- climate *.cli
- inventory (population,crop) initialization: *.ini
- tree species parameter: species.par
- management-control: *.man
(unless explained in other documents)
- *.ctrl contains an overview of the simulation-control
- Two ,compressed’-files are automatically being applied with an opening information (*_B.cmp) and the performance information (*_E.cmp). The latter file includes average- and final value of some model variables
- *_error.log includes information about errors (absence of files or model problems)
- *_tree.ini1 and *_soil.ini1 include the inventory- and soil information at the end of the simulation, and can be used to start an other simulation
- Daily and annual output-dimensions are described in the respective chapter.

- Point 1(Start simulation): Choice of a default *.sim file
- Point 2 (Edit control file): selection of a *.sim file and change of the simulation-control in a selected *.sim file
- Press Start 4C

- only for information about the working directory, press ok

- selection of the sim-file from the input-directory

- 1 – standard run has to be selected (other run-options can not yet be operated by menu)
- Select number of runs (press apply!)
- Leave thickness and time step parameter unchanged!
- Select change output id ( at more than 1 runs different names are suggested)
- Press ok

Edit names and press ok

- No changes necessary - only if, instead of the denoted data, another one should be selected (browse function)
- press ok

- No changes necessary – the adjusted flags are applicable by default (see also documentation of the sim-file)
- Statistical analysis (flag_stat = 1) is only possible, if a measured data file exists (see document about measurement value processing in 4C)
- These flags have to be modified (turn off with 0) for simulations with regeneration (flag_reg) und cultivation (flag_mg)
- Press ok

- change of output-data by selection of the particular menu item
- Start or end the simulation
a) yearly output:

- pinus ponderosa and populus tremulus not yet in species.par
- sveg – not yet provided
- press ok to get back to 7th window
b) daily output

- This edition can only be suggested for a short simulation of 1 – 5 years
- press ok to get back to 7th window
c) cohort yearly

- The selected size and time is displayed for each cohort in the inventory
- press ok to get back to 7th window
d) cohort daily (
don’t use )
- Select summation output with different time resolution, it generates file *_sum.out*
- Save the changes of the settings in sim-file (could cause minor problems in sim-file but all flags are being saved correctly)
- Start simulation
- Back , change settings once again
- Exit 4C
- Close DOS-window (return button)
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