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### Yearly Output Yearly output variables are the state variables valid during the year, i.e. the value at the beginning of the year, and fluxes during that year. This means that the result of allocation, mortality and regeneration calculated at the end of the current year can be seen as state variables of the next year. The output files are named as follows <sitename>_<var>.<type><anz_sim> with: <sitename> location name <var> content description <type> typ of output file <anz_sim> number of simulation Example: site1_soil.out2 yearly output of soil values from the second run of the simulation at location site1 Output files and their contents: Yearly output of scalars and fields
<var> | Content | 4C variable name*) | Unit
c_bal | Yearly C-Balance, C-stocks and –fluxes; both in kg C/ha and mol/m² |  |
Cbc | C content of biochar (C_bc) per layer |  | g C/ m²
Chum | C content of humus (hum) per layer | array C_hum | g C/ m²
Copm | C content of organic primary matter (OPM) per layer | array C_opm | g C/ m²
clim | Output of yearly climate-items per site and simulation |  |
clim_hum | Relative humidity: monthly climate data |  | %
clim_prec | Precipitation: monthly climate data |  | mm
clim_rad | Radiation: monthly climate data |  | J/cm²
clim_temp | Air temperature: monthly climate data |  | °C
fcap_av | Available field capacity per layer | array field_cap - wilt_p | mm
fcapv_av | Available field capacity per layer | array f_cap_v - wilt_p_v | Vol%
fr_loss | Yearly mean fine root C-loss; percentage fine root C-loss per soil layer |  |
humusv | Content of humus per layer | array humusv*100 | %
indi | Indices of fire and biodiversity |  |
litter | Yearly litter fractions |  |
Nbc | N content of biochar per layer | array N_bc | g N/ m²
Nhum | N content of humus (hum) per layer | array N_hum | g N/ m²
Nopm | N content of organic primary matter (OPM) per layer | aray N_opm | g N/ m²
manrec | Data about management measures |  |
mansort | Output of sortiments for years with management |  |
redis | Redistribution of root C | aray redis |
root | Vertical root distribution; relative share of root mass per layer for the whole stand | array root_fr |
sdrought | Number of days with water content near wilting point (drought days) per layer |  | -
soil | Data from soil model |  |
spec | Output of values per species |  |
standsort | Sortiment of whole stand (without harvested trees) |  |
veg | Values for the whole stand (per ha) |  |
veg_be | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for beech |  |
veg_bi | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for birch |  |
veg_dg | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for douglas fir |  |
veg_egl | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for E.globulus |  |
veg_egr | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for E.grandis |  |
veg_in | New trees (by planting or regeneration), values for the whole stand (per ha) |  |
veg_mist | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for mistletoe (Visc. a.) |  |
veg_oa | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for oak |  |
veg_out | Removed trees (by mortality or management) with number of cohorts from which trees are removed (per ha) |  |
veg_pc | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for pinus contorta |  |
veg_ph | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for pinus halepensis |  |
veg_pi | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for pine |  |
veg_pp | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for pinus ponderosa |  |
veg_pt | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for populus tremulua |  |
veg_rb | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for black locust |  |
veg_sp | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for spruce |  |
veg_sveg | Values for the whole stand (per ha) for ground vegetation |  |
*) internal used variables Yearly output for classes
<var> | contentC | Unit
classd | stem number per diameter classes, 5-cm-steps | N/ha
classd_h | mean height per diameter class | cm
classdm | diameter classes for harvested trees | N/ha
classdm_h | mean height per diameter class of harvested trees | cm
classh | number of trees per height class | N/ha
classage | age of trees per diameter class | a
classmvol | volume of tress per diameter class of harvested trees | m³/ha
classt | number of dead trees per diameter class | N/ha
c_bal: Output of values of carbon balance Variables are calculated before output. All variables are values per year. Often used conversion factors.
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
Year | actual year | time_cur | --
GPP | gross primary production | y_GPP | kg C/ha
NPP | net primary production | y_NPP | kg C/ha
NEP | net ecosystem production | y_NEP | kg C/ha
Veg_Resp | total respiration of all cohorts and species | y_autresp | kg C/ha
Soil_Resp | soil respiration | y_resps | kg C/ha
Tot_Resp | total respiration | y_resptot | kg C/ha
C_soil | total soil carbon stock | y_C_tot | kg C/ha
C_dead_st | carbon in stems of dead trees | y_C_d_st | kg C/ha
C_sumvsab | carbon in total sum of volume of removed stems by management | y_sumvsab | kg C/ha
C_biomass | total biomass of all cohorts and all species | y_sumbio | kg C/ha
C_tot_ES | total carbon of ecosystem | y_C_tot_es | kg C/ha
GPP | gross primary production | ym_GPP | mol/m²
NPP | net primary production | ym_NPP | mol/m²
NEP | net ecosystem production | ym_NEP | mol/m²
Veg_Resp | total respiration of all cohorts and species | ym_autresp | mol/m²
Soil_Resp | soil respiration | ym_resps | mol/m²
Tot_Resp | total respiration | ym_resptot | mol/m²
C_soil | total soil carbon stock | ym_C_tot | mol/m²
C_dead_st | carbon in stems of dead trees | ym_C_d_st | mol/m²
C_sumvsab | carbon in total sum of volume of removed stems by management | ym_sumvsab | mol/m²
C_biomass | total biomass of all cohorts and all species | ym_sumbio | mol/m²
C_tot_ES | total carbon of ecosystem | ym_C_tot_es | mol/m²
*) internal used variables clim: Output of climatic values
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
Year | actual year | time_cur | --
Temp | mean air temperature of the year | med_air | °C
Prec | amount of precepitation of the year | sum_prec | mm
Radiation | mean radiation of the year | med_rad | J/cm²
Wind | mean wind speed of the year | med_wind | m/s
CO2 | atmospheric CO2 content | co2 * 1000000 | ppm
GDD | annual growing degree day | gdday | °C
summerdays | number of summer days (Tmax > 25°C) | days_summer | --
hotdays | number of hot days (Tmax > 30°C) | days_hot | --
icedays | number of ice days (Tmax < 0°C) | days_ice | --
drydays | number of days without precipitation | days_dry | --
hraindays | number of days with heavy rain (> 10 mm) | days_hrain | --
snowdays | number of days with snow (from 4C simulation) | days_snow | --
Ind_arid | annual aridity index UNEP | ind_arid_an | --
CWB | annual climate water balance | cwb_an | --
Ind_Lang | annual climate index acc. Linsser/Lang | ind_lang_an | --
Ind_Cout | annual climate index Coutange | ind_cout_an | --
Ind_Wissm | annual climate index v. Wissmann | ind_wiss_an | --
Ind_Mart | annual climate index Martonne | ind_mart_an | --
Ind_Mart_VP | annual climate index martonne for vegetation period (May - September) | ind_mart_vp | --
Ind_Emb | annual climate index Emberger | ind_emb | --
Ind_Weck | annual climate index Weck | ind_weck | --
Ind_Reich | annual climate index Reichel | ind_reich | --
Ind_Gor | annual continentality index Gorczynski | con_gor | --
I_Currey | annual continentality index Currey | con_cur | --
I_Conrad | annual continentality index Conrad | con_con | --
NTIndex | Nun temeprature index | ntindex | --
Ind_Budyko | annaul dryness index acc. Budyko | ind_bud | --
F_day | number of days of late frost during vegetation period | hdnlf | --
F_day_sp | number of days of late frost after bud burst | hdnlf_sp | --
l_frost | date of last frost day after start of vegetation period | hdate_lf | --
l_frosttot | date of last frost day | hdate_lftot | --
*) internal used variables clim_xxx: monthly climate data
xxx | Description | Unit
hum | realtive humidity | %
rad | radiation | J/cm²
temp | air temperature | °C
Name | Description | 4C variable name*)
Year | actual year | time_cur
xxx_1 | mean January | xxx_mon(1)
xxx_2 | mean February | xxx_mon(2)
xxx_3 | mean March | xxx_mon(3)
xxx_4 | mean April | xxx_mon(4)
xxx_5 | mean May | xxx_mon(5)
xxx_6 | mean June | xxx_mon(6)
xxx_7 | mean July | xxx_mon(7)
xxx_8 | mean August | xxx_mon(8)
xxx_9 | mean September | xxx_mon(9)
xxx_10 | mean October | xxx_mon(10)
xxx_11 | mean November | xxx_mon(11)
xxx_12 | mean December | xxx_mon(12)
X_Quart1 | mean first quarter |
X_Quart2 | mean second quarter |
X_Quart3 | mean third quarter |
X_Quart4 | mean fourth quarter |
X_DJF | mean average of December, January, February |
X_MAM | mean average of March, April, May |
X_JJA | mean average of June, July, August |
X_SON | mean average of September, October, November |
*) internal used variables clim_prec: Precipitation - monthly climate data
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
Year | actual year | time_cur | --
Prec_1 | sum of precipitation January | prec_mon(1) | mm
Prec_2 | sum of precipitation February | prec_mon(2) | mm
Prec_3 | sum of precipitation March | prec_mon(3) | mm
Prec_4 | sum of precipitation April | prec_mon(4) | mm
Prec_5 | sum of precipitation May | prec_mon(5) | mm
Prec_6 | sum of precipitation June | prec_mon(6) | mm
Prec_7 | sum of precipitation July | prec_mon(7) | mm
Prec_8 | sum of precipitation August | prec_mon(8) | mm
Prec_9 | sum of precipitation September | prec_mon(9) | mm
Prec_10 | sum of precipitation October | prec_mon(10) | mm
Prec_11 | sum of precipitation November | prec_mon(11) | mm
Prec_12 | sum of precipitation December | prec_mon(12) | mm
P_Quart1 | sum of precipitation first quarter |  | mm
P_Quart2 | sum of precipitation second quarter |  | mm
P_Quart3 | sum of precipitation third quarter |  | mm
P_Quart4 | sum of precipitation fourth quarter |  | mm
P_DJF | sum of precipitation of December, January, February |  | mm
P_MAM | sum of precipitation of March, April, May |  | mm
P_JJA | sum of precipitation of June, July, August |  | mm
P_SON | sum of precipitation of September, October, November |  | mm
*) internal used variables mansort, standsort: Output of sortiments for years with management - *) internal used variables soil: Output of yearly soil-items per location and simulation
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
Year | actual year | time_cur | --
Temp | mean temperature of the year | med_air | °C
Prec | amount of precepitation of the year | sum_prec | mm
Interc | amount of interception of the year | interc_cum | mm
Percol | annual sum of leachate discharge of the last layer | perc_cum | mm
Wupt | annual total-water-pick from soil as sum of wutot (=wutot_ev + wutot_r) | wupt_cum | mm
Wuptroot | annual cumulative water assimilation by roots = current transpiration as sum of daily wutot_r | wupt_r_c | mm
Transtree | annual transpiration of trees | tra_tr_cum | mm
Transsveg | annual transpiration of ground vegetation | tra_sv_cum | mm
Wuptsoil | annual cumulative water-pick by soil-evaporation as sum of daily wutot_ev | wupt_e_c | mm
AET | annual actual evapotranspiration | aet_cum | mm
Wats_tot | total water content in the soil profile at the end of the year | wat_tot | mm
GP_can | unstressed stomatal conductance of the canopy | gp_can | mol/m²/d
N_min | annual cumulative net mineralisation | N_min | g/m²
N_tot | total nitrogen matter in the soil profile at the end of the year without dead stems | N_tot | g/m²
C_tot | total carbon matter in the soil profile at the end of the year without dead stems | C_tot | g/m²
N_antot | total inorganic Nitrogen in the soil profile at the end of the year | N_an_tot | g/m²
N_humtot | total nitrogen matter of humic in the soil profile at the end of the year | N_hum_tot | g/m²
C_humtot | total carbon matter of humic matter in the soil profile at the end of the year | C_hum_tot | g/m²
N_hum(1) | N-content of humus of the forest floor (first layer) at the end of the year | N_hum(1) | g/m²
C_hum(1) | C-content of humus of the forest floor (first layer) at the end of the year | C_hum(1) | g/m²
N_litter | N-quantity of the whole litter input of the actual year | N_lit | g/m²
C_litter | C-quantity of the whole litter input of the actual year | C_lit | g/m²
C_opm_fol | C-content of total foliage litter pool at the end of the year | C_opm_fol | g/m²
C_opm_frt | C-content of total fine root litter pool at the end of the year | C_opm_frt | g/m²
C_opm_crt | C-content of total coarse root litter pool at the end of the year | C_opm_crt | g/m²
C_opm_tbc | C-content of total twigs, branches root litter pool at the end of the year | C_opm_tb | g/m²
C_opm_stm | C-content of total stemwood litter pool at the end of the year | C_opm_stem | g/m²
Nupt | annual total-N-assimilation | Nupt_c | g/m²
Nleach | annual N-wash-out of the last layer | Nleach_c | g/m²
N_depo | annual nitrogen deposition | Ndep_cum | g/m2
Soil_Resp | annual C-quantity of soil respiration as sum of respsoil | resps_c | gC/m²
*) internal used variables spec: Output of values per species All variables are values per species and year. x indicates the species number.
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
Year | actual year | time_cur | --
Diam_Sx | medium diameter per species (squared average) | med_diam | cm
Heig_Sx | dominant height per species | dom_height | cm
Tree_Sx | number of trees per species an hectar | sum_ntreea | 1/ha
Biom_Sx | total biomass per species | sum_bio | kg DW/ha
*) internal used variables veg: Values for the whole stand Remark : All variables are results for the current simulation year, i.e. LAI and biomass give values that were calculated at the end of the year.
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
Year | actual year | time_cur | --
num_Spec | total number of species | anz_spec | --
Coh | number of cohorts | anz_coh | --
Tree | number of trees per hectar | anz_tree_ha | 1/ha
LAI | leaf area index of the stand | laimax | m²/m²
Biomass | sum of above- and belowground biomass | sumbio | kg DW/ha
NPPsum | annual net primary productivity | sumnpp | kg DW/ha/yr
Meddiam | DG | med_diam | cm
Domhei | height of 100 dominating trees | hdom | cm
Fol_Bio | foliage | totfol | kg DW/ha
Sap_Bio | sapwood | totsap | kg DW/ha
Frt_Bio | fine roots | totfrt | kg DW/ha
Hrt_Bio | heartwood | tothrt | kg DW/ha
Stem_inc | stem mass increment | totsteminc | kg DW/ha/yr
Stemvol | total stem volume | totstem_m3 | m³
rem_stems | stem mass of trees harvested at the end of the year | sumvsab | kg DW/ha
dead_stems | stem mass of trees dying at the end of the year | sumvsdead | kg DW/ha
cover | degree of coverage | crown_area/kpatchsize | --
drIndAl | drought index for allocation calculation | drIndAl | --
Ndem | nitrogen demand | Ndem | g N/m²
gp_can_mean | mean of unstressed stomatal conductance of the canopy | gp_can_mean | mol/m²
gp_can_min | minmum of unstressed stomatal conductance of the canopy | gp_can_min | mol/m²
gp_can_max | maximum of unstressed stomatal conductance of the canopy | gp_can_max | mol/m²
mean_diam | mean diameter | mean_diam | cm
mean_height | mean height | mean_height | m
basal area | basal area | basal_area | m²
dead_stems_m3 | mean of unstressed stomatal conductance of the canopy | sumvsdead_m3 | m³/ha
stem_inc_m3 | total stem increment of patch in m³ | totsteminc_m3 | m³/ha
*) internal used variables veg_in: New trees (by planting or regeneration)
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
year | actual year | time_cur | --
num_Spec | number of new tree species | anz_spec_in | --
Coh | number of new cohorts | anz_coh_in | --
Tree | number of new trees | anz_tree_in | /ha
LAI | leaf area index of new trees | LAI_in | m²/m²
Biomass | biomass of new trees | sumbio_in | kg DW/ha
Meddiam | medium diameter of new trees | med_diam_in | cm
mean_hei | mean height of all new trees | hmean_in | cm
Fol_Bio | total biomass of foliage of new trees | totfol_in | kg DW/ha
Sap_Bio |  |  | kg DW/ha
Frt_Bio |  |  | kg DW/ha
Hrt_Bio |  |  | kg DW/ha
Stem_inc |  |  | kg DW/ha
Stemvol |  |  | m³/ha
rem_stems |  |  | kg DW/ha
dead_stems |  |  | kg DW/ha
cover |  |  | m²/m²
drIndAl |  |  | --
Ndem |  |  | g N/m²
gp_can_mean |  |  | mol/m²
gp_can_min |  |  | mol/m²
gp_can_max |  |  | mol/m²
*) internal used variables veg_out: Removed trees (by mortality or management)
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
year | actual year | time_cur | --
num_Spec | number of removed tree species | anz_spec_out | --
Coh | number of removed cohorts | anz_coh_out | --
Tree | number of removed trees | anz_tree_out | /ha
LAI | leaf area index of removed trees | LAI_out | m²/m²
Biomass | biomass of removed trees | sumbio_out | kg DW/ha
Meddiam | medium diameter of removed trees | med_diam_out | cm
mean_hei | mean height of all removed trees | hmean_out | cm
Fol_Bio | total biomass of foliage of removed trees | totfol_out | kg DW/ha
Sap_Bio |  |  | kg DW/ha
Frt_Bio |  |  | kg DW/ha
Hrt_Bio |  |  | kg DW/ha
Stem_inc |  |  | kg DW/ha
Stemvol |  |  | m³/ha
rem_stems |  |  | kg DW/ha
dead_stems |  |  | kg DW/ha
cover |  |  | m²/m²
drIndAl |  |  | --
Ndem |  |  | g N/m²
gp_can_mean |  |  | mol/m²
gp_can_min |  |  | mol/m²
gp_can_max |  |  | mol/m²
*) internal used variables veg_xxx: Values for the whole stand per species (xxx) Remark : All variables are results for the current simulation year, i.e. LAI and biomass give values that were calculated at the end of the year.
Name | Description | 4C variable name*) | Unit
Year | year of simulation | time | --
Spec_id | total number of species | anz_spec | --
Coh | number of cohorts | anz_coh | --
Tree | number of trees per hectar | anz_tree_ha | 1/ha
LAI | leaf area index of the stand | laimax | m²/m²
Biomass | sum of above- and belowground biomass | sumbio | kg DW/ha
NPPsum | annual net primary productivity | sumnpp | kg DW/ha/yr
Meddiam | DG | med_diam | cm
Domhei | height of 100 dominating trees | hdom | cm
Fol_Bio | foliage | totfol | kg DW/ha
Sap_Bio | sapwood | totsap | kg DW/ha
Frt_Bio | fine roots | totfrt | kg DW/ha
Hrt_Bio | heartwood | tothrt | kg DW/ha
Stem_inc | stem mass increment | totsteminc | kg DW/ha/yr
Stemvol | total stem volume | totstem_m3 | m³
rem_stems | stem mass of trees harvested at the end of the year | sumvsab | kg DW/ha
dead_stems | stem mass of trees dying at the end of the year | sumvsdead | kg DW/ha
cover | degree of coverage | crown_area/kpatchsize | --
drIndAl | drought index for allocation calculation | drIndAl | --
Ndem | nitrogen demand | Ndem | g N/m²
Nupt | total N uptake | Nupt | g N/m²
Red_N | mean annual photosynthesis nitrogen reduction factor | RedNm | --
daybb | day of bud burst per species | daybb | --
endbb | last day for vegetation period | end_bb | --
mean_diam | mean diameter | mean_diam | cm
mean_height | mean height | mean_height | m
basal area | basal area | basal_area | m²
dead_stems_m3 | mean of unstressed stomatal conductance of the canopy | sumvsdead_m3 | m³/ha
stem_inc_m3 | total stem increment of patch in m³ | totsteminc_m3 | m³/ha
*) internal used variables
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