Sea level changes


    Sea level change
    Future sea-level commitment
    • For each degree of warming above pre-industrial, sea- level will rise by about 2.3m within a period of 2000 years (Levermann et al. (2013).
    • For projections of the 21st century we propose a linear response function R(t) = Γ⋅tα with positive α for Antarctic ice discharge from surface warming & negative α for other contributions (Winkelmann & Levermann, 2012).

    Publications

    A. Levermann, R. Winkelmann, S. Nowicki, J. Fastook, K. Frieler, R. Greve, H.H. Hellmer, M.A. Martin, M. Meinshausen, M. Mengel, A.J. Payne, D. Pollard, T. Sato, R. Timmermann, W.L. Wang, R.A. Bindschadler
    Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice-sheet models
    Earth System Dynamics, 5 (2014), 271-293, DOI:10.5194/esd-5-271-2014.
    bibtex entry - endnote entry
    Data download: All data (8Mb) - Ascii time series (80Kb) - Readme

    M. Mengel & A. Levermann
    Ice plug prevents irreversible discharge from East Antarctica
    Nature Climate Change 4 (2014), doi 10.1038/nclimate2226.
    » Highlighted in Nature 509 (2014), 136, doi:10.1038/509136c.
    endnote entry

    B. Marzeion & A. Levermann
    Loss of Cultural World Heritage and currently inhabited places to sea-level rise
    Environmental Research Letters 9 (2014), 034001. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034001.
    » Supplementary information
    bibtex entry - endnote entry

    J.A. Church, P.U. Clark, A. Cazenave, J.M. Gregory, S. Jevrejeva, A. Levermann, M.A. Merrifield, G.A. Milne, R.S. Nerem, P.D. Nunn, A.J. Payne, W.T. Pfeffer, D. Stammer, A.S. Unnikrishnan
    Letter to the Editor: Sea-Level Rise by 2100
    Science 342 (2013), 1445, doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1445-a.
    bibtex entry - endnote entry

    A. Levermann, P.U. Clark, B. Marzeion, G. Milne, D. Pollard, V. Radic, A. Robinson
    The multi-millennial sea-level commitment of global warming
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2013), published in early edition online.
    » Commentary by B. Strauss in PNAS
    bibtex entry - endnote entry

    A. Levermann, R. Winkelmann, S. Nowicki, J. Fastook, K. Frieler, R. Greve, H.H. Hellmer, M.A. Martin, M. Mengel, A.J. Payne, D. Pollard, T. Sato, R. Timmermann, W.L. Wang, R.A. Bindschadler
    Projecting Antarctic ice discharge using response functions from SeaRISE ice-sheet models
    Earth System Dynamics Discussions 4 (2013), 1117-1168, doi:10.5194/esdd-4-1117-2013.
    bibtex entry - endnote entry

    R. Winkelmann, A. Levermann, K. Frieler, M.A. Martin
    Increased future ice discharge from Antarctica owing to higher snowfall
    Nature 492 (2012), 239-242.
    » Supplementary information
    bibtex entry - endnote entry

    S. Nowicki, R.A. Bindschadler, A. Abe-Ouchi, A. Aschwanden, E. Bueler, H. Choi, J. Fastook, G. Granzow, R. Greve, G. Gutowski, U. Herzfeld, C. Jackson, J. Johnson,C. Khroulev, E. Larour, A. Levermann, W.H. Lipscomb, M.A. Martin, M. Morlighem, B. Parizek, D. Pollard, S.F. Price, D. Ren, E. Rignot, F. Saito, T. Sato, H. Seddik, H. Seroussi, K. Takahashi, R. Walker, W.L. Wang
    Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project II: Greenland
    Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 118 (2013), 1025-1044, doi:10.1002/jgrf.20076.
    bibtex entry - endnote entry

    S. Nowicki, R.A. Bindschadler, A. Abe-Ouchi, A. Aschwanden, E. Bueler, H. Choi, J. Fastook, G. Granzow, R. Greve, G. Gutowski, U. Herzfeld, C. Jackson, J. Johnson, A. Levermann, W.H. Lipscomb, M.A. Martin, M. Morlighem, B. Parizek, D. Pollard, S.F. Price, D. Ren, E. Rignot, F. Saito, T. Sato, H. Seddik, H. Seroussi, K. Takahashi, R. Walker, W.L. Wang
    Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project I: Antarctica
    Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 118 (2013), 1002-1024, doi:10.1002/jgrf.20081.
    bibtex entry - endnote entry

    R.A. Bindschadler, S. Nowicki, A. Abe-Ouchi, A. Aschwanden, E. Bueler, H. Choi, J. Fastook, G. Granzow, R. Greve, G. Gutowski, C. Jackson, J. Johnson, A. Levermann, W.H. Lipscomb, M.A. Martin, M. Morlighem, B. Parizek, D. Pollard, S.F. Price, D. Ren, F. Saito, H. Seroussi, K. Takahashi, R. Walker, W.L. Wang, U. Herzfeld, H. Seddik, T. Sato
    Ice-sheet model sensitivities to environmental forcing and their use in projecting future sea-level (The SeaRISE Project)
    Journal of Glaciology 59 (2013), 195-224. DOI:10.3189/2013JoG12J125

    R. Winkelmann and A. Levermann
    Linear response functions to project contributions to future sea level
    Climate Dynamics 38 (2012), DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1471-4, online first.
    bibtex entry - endnote entry

    R. Winkelmann, A. Levermann, K. Frieler, M.A. Martin
    Uncertainty in future solid ice discharge from Antarctica
    The Cryosphere Discussions 6 (2012), 673-714; DOI 10.5194/tcd-6-673-2012.
    bibtex entry - endnote entry


    Ice plug Projections of Antarctica's sea-level contribution (Levermann et al. (2014).

    Ice plug Ice plug in East Antarctica (Mengel & Levermann (2014).

    Sea level change Sea-level contribution from (a) ocean warming, (b) mountain glaciers, (c) Greenland, (d) Antarctica and (e) the total sea-level commitment after 2000 years (Levermann et al. (2013).